Tobacco Advertising Essays (761 words) - Tobacco, Smoking

Tobacco Advertising Tobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturers may deny it, but advertising and promotion play a vital part in making these facts a reality (Roberts). The kings of these media ploys are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses a fictional western character called The Marlboro Man, while Camel uses Joe Camel, a high-rolling, swinging cartoon character. Joe Camel, the "smooth character" from R.J. Reynolds, who is shown as a dromedary with complete style has been attacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on the children of America. Dr. Lonnie Bristow, AMA (American Medical Association) spokesman, remarks that "to kids, cute cartoon characters mean that the product is harmless, but cigarettes are not harmless. They have to know that their ads are influencing the youth under 18 to begin smoking"(Breo). Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize Joe Camel as know Mickey Mouse (Breo). That is very shocking information for any parent to hear. The industry denies that these symbols target people under 21 and claim that their advertising goal is simply to promote brand switching and loyalty. Many people disagree with this statement such as Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin who states " If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companies will be in trouble and they know it "(Roberts). So what do the tobacco companies do to keep their industry alive and well? Seemingly, they go toward a market that is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of. U.S. News recently featured a discussion of the smoking issue with 20 teenagers from suburban Baltimore. The group consisted of ten boys and ten girls between the ages of 15 and 17. When asked why they started smoking, they gave two contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of a peer group. They also wanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. " When you party, 75 to 90 percent of the kids are smoking. It makes you feel like you belong," says Devon Harris, a senior at Woodlawn High. Teens also think of smoking as a sign of independence. The more authority figures tell them not to smoke, the more likely they are to pick up the habit (Roberts). The surprising thing is that these kids know that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising. If these kids know that this advertising is manipulating them, why do they still keep smoking? The ads are everywhere, especially in teen-oriented magazines, such as Rolling Stone and Spin. The ads also fuel some of the reasons the children gave for starting. They represent rebellion, independence, acceptance and happiness. These are all the things a young person, between childhood and adolescence, needs and desires. This type of advertising, on top of peer pressure, is the mystery behind the rise in adolescent smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three things that the experts recommend. Try to convince your children that smoking is not cool. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to stop (Thomas). Children are the most valuable commodity we are given in life. Let's try to educate them while they're young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body. Works Cited "Bill Clinton vs. Joe Camel." U.S. News & World Report. 2 Sep. 1996: 12. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. "Selling Tobacco to Kids." America. 17 Feb. 1996: 3. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Roberts, Steven. " Teens on tobacco; kids smoke for reasons all their own." U.S. News & World Report. 18 Apr. 1996: 38. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Thomas, Roger E. "10 steps to keep the children in your

Pollution Prevention essays

Pollution Prevention essays Substantial improvements in environmental quality have been achieved in the last 20 years. The vehicle maintenance unit, to which I am assigned, generates thousands of pounds of hazardous and nonhazardous waste annually. As an environmental coordinator, I am responsible for the proper handling and disposal of waste from the generation point to final disposal. In addition to the task of minimizing waste levels within the unit, the expenditure of funds for hazardous material is also my responsibility. Upon initial appointment as the unit environmental coordinator, the waste levels throughout my organization were at an all time high. This posed a great dilemma that had not been addressed for many years. My first task was to cut back waste levels and conserve capital. An initial proposal to establish a Pollution Prevention program, also known as P2, was considered to foster an environmental mindset for day-to-day activities. Pollution prevention involves looking at what causes waste and pollution in a particular situation and figuring out the best ways to lessen waste or prevent it all together. In order to be successful, I had to obtain a commitment from my senior leadership to provide resources to carry out the implementation of P2 program. I began defining the scope of the P2 plan and determining the areas upon which to focus. Beginning with a review of current processes and procedures, I was able to identifying any inefficiencies and shortfalls. The findings afforded a basis for establishing objectives and feature P2 targets. I asked myself what I was trying to accomplish with the P2 plan. Was it reducing specific substance usage, upgrading maintenance processes, or improving entire facilities. Consulting with base environmental engineers and researching the Internet, I came up with some great ideas and established objectives and targets worthy of pursuit. Clarifying my obj ...

Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) Essay

Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) - Essay Example Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) Cardiovascular diseases have been associated to the increasing cases of obesity among children and adolescent as they approach adulthood (Olshanky and others 2005) cited in. However, little attention has been focused towards establishing the effect of excessive body fat and its negative impact on cardiac fitness (Rowland, 2007). Due to excessive fats there are high risks of coronary artery conditions such as renal-vascular diseases, hypertension and stroke coupled to other non-circulatory disorders. Body fatness and aerobic fitness are intertwined and have been reported as potential risk factors towards the health outcome of an individual (Goran and others 2000). Among the two factors, aerobic fitness has been reported as the primary factor determining future outcome of diseases (Goran and others 2000). However, it is important to understand the relationship between aerobic fitness and fatness towards establishing their role in causation of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular risk has also been linked to weight and dissociated from the widely accepted norm that being fat and fit is acceptable in cardiac health. Excess weight in most cases may be associated with high levels of cholesterol and alteration in the cardiac function. 1.Ha: Excess weight affect cardiovascular fitness by increasing the pulse rate and recovery time. 2.Ho: Excess weight will not affect cardiovascular fitness The experiment involved two subjects who were selected from among the group. The inclusion criteria dwelt on involving subjects who had respiratory and/or circulatory conditions. Exercise which was part of the experiment may be significantly compromised in these individuals. Pulse rate for treatment I (with weight) and for treatment II (without weight) were taken before the start of the experimental exercise and entered in a table. The experimental exercise involved making the subject step up and down for three minutes at constant rate of 24-30 steps per minute on a low platform. Immediately the 3 minutes were over, the pulse rates were recorded again and entered into a table as raw data for further analysis. The pulse rates were taken from the radial artery. This was done by making a tally of the number of beats in 30 seconds and multiplying this value by two. Subsequent measurements were taken at intervals of 1 minute for another three times. 3. Result text The pulse rate before th e exercise was slow but it was elevated following the 3 minutes exercise in the two treatments. However, the mean pulse rate in treatment two was higher than in treatment one (see table 1). The trend in pulse rate indicates that individuals with excess weight will have high pulse rate and longer recovery time after exercise (see figure 1 and figure 2). Mean recovery time was higher in treatment II at 3.25 minutes as compared to treatment I with 2.50 minutes. Overall standard error from the mean (SEM) was observed to at the highest from pulse measurements taken after the exercise. This value was higher in treatment I than in treatment II. Overall all treatment I recorded elevated means in the measurements of pulse rate before and after the exercise than treatment II without weight. This trend was also replicated in the recovery time with

JULIAN OF NORWICH & MICHAEL HARNER Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JULIAN OF NORWICH & MICHAEL HARNER - Assignment Example So while Julian talks about Christ being â€Å"the foundation, he is the substance, he is the teacher, he is the end†, Harner talks about the matter of fact aspects of the tsentsak and non-drug forms of shamanism in ordinary, factual language (Harner 57-68; Julian of Norwich 43). Both sources narrate forms of spiritual quests, and a common element in both is a sense that both are honest and sincere in their quests and in the way they tried to make sense of their experiences and visions. This is important because both are narrating extremely subjective experiences whose validity cannot be experienced or confirmed by an external party, but only felt as genuine and believable from an intuitive point of view. The integrity of the narrators can make or break the narratives. One gets a sense of the integrity of Harner’s narratives especially with regard to the subjective experience of ayahuasca, confirmed by a blind shaman for instance. For Julian, her reputation and the internal consistency of her message attest to the sincerity and the genuineness of her narratives and religious insights (Harner; Julian of Norwich). Julian contextualizes her sufferings in the context of Christ’s own suffering and death, couched in language tied to compassion and love. She learns from a desire to suffer the bodily pains and sufferings of Christ also of the internal reality of the compassion that exists in men as a spark too of the divine in men, of the Christ in men. Her key insights are with regard to the love of God shown through the Christ’s own passion, so that she and all who love God and desire to follow the will of God may experience that love as well (Julian of Norwich). The sacred drink ingested by Harner is ayahuasca. When he ingested this he had visions of another dimension, including that of a creature that is reptile-like, who reveals to him an inner reality tied to the nature of man’s past, of the way man had evolved

Calculate the bounce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calculate the bounce - Essay Example There are 49 employees, with a total monthly payroll output of  £101,400. Each employee, on average, earns  £2069 monthly or  £24,828 yearly. However, bonus amount should be based on profit figures. Employees are used to receiving  £70,000 in commissions, therefore bonus should be more equal to this figure in which they have become accustomed in order to improve motivation and performance incentives. Analysis methodology should consider current objectives, such as whether the business is looking to invest or, perhaps, expand the company which will require additional expenditures. Questions should be asked such as whether owners’ equity, for the investor stakeholder, should be considered prior to paying a bonus. There is one important factor to consider: In 2008, the company agreed to  £16.5 million in goods in exchange for 50 percent of the company, giving the business these goods for a period of one year. This agreement raised inventory assets in the company, which only improves its position for growth or perhaps access to new credit. The current global accounting standards would identify these goods or perhaps depreciate their value over time, however its rising liquidity from the goods exchange makes the company stronger at the accounting level. Therefore, bonus should not be reduced as current profit levels remain unchanged even with the new 50/50 ownership. The goods received are still part of the company’s inventory. Profit in 2009 was  £7.72 million. There was no cash balance from 2008 to consider as profit was used to expand sales for 2009. With this in mind, if the company divided the entire profit among the 49 employees, it would be calculated as: However, this is far outside of industry norms and equates to more than the employees are used to receiving with their sales commission and would not add to the business’ cash balance, which is strategically

Recrystallising acetanilide

Recrystallising acetanilide The aim of this experiment is to establish the most suitable solvent required for recrystallising acetanilide, and to exhibit the methods of vacuum filtration and recrystallisation. Experimental Method (for selection of a suitable solvent): Four solvents: dichloromethane, methylated sprits, petroleum ether and water were tested to see how appropriate they were for recrystallising acetanilide. Impure acetanilide (0.1g) was inserted into a small test tube and whilst continually shaking the test the solvent was added drop by drop. After 1cm3 of the solvent was added!!!!? the mixture was then heated till it was boiling using the water for the organic solvents bath in the fume cupboard once approximately 1mL of solvent had been added. As the acetanilide was dissolved the test tube was cooled to see whether recrystallisation occurred. The same method was repeated out for all four solvents. Experimental Method (for recrystallisation of acetanilide): Impure Acetanilide (4g) was weighed out using a rough balance into a conical flask (250mL). A suitable amount of the solvent from the previous method [water (1mL)] was used to wet the crystals. The mixture was then boiled gently, and more solvent was added until all the sold had dissolved. Using the filter paper obtained from the pre-heated funnel the boiling solution was filtered. This was done into a pre-heated container so that rapid cooling as avoided. The flask containing the hot solvent was covered and allowed to cool slowly. When a noticeable amount of solid had formed and the solution had cooled considerably, the solution was placed in an ice-bath to speed up the process. The filter paper was wet with the solvent then using vacuum filtration the crystals were separated from the rest of the solution. Using cold solvent (5mL approximately) the crystals were washed. The crystals were kept on the Bà ¼chner funnel until they were almost dry. The damp material was transferred to a labelled watch glass and then this was positioned into a vacuum oven of a set temperature lower than the melting of the pure solid. The dry purified product was weighed and packaged into a labelled plastic bag. Why I chose water for the larger scale recrystallisation: This is because when cooling, water out of the four solvents dissolved completely and the most crystals were formed. Also water is the most suitable solvent because it has the best polarity. The covalent bonding between an oxygen atom and two atoms of hydrogen form a water molecule. Atoms share electrons between these covalent bonds. The sharing of these electrons is not equal in water as the hydrogen atoms have a weaker attraction to the electrons than the oxygen atoms. Hence the distribution of charge in water is asymmetrical. Molecules are known as polar when they have ends with positive and partially negative charges. The reason for why water is able to dissolve a number is substances, is due to this polarity that enables water to separate polar solute molecules. Waters polarity makes gives it the property of being a good solvent. Water molecules surround polar or ionic compounds that enter water. One molecule of solute can be surrounded by many water molecules as the size of water is relatively small. The positive dipoles are attracted to negatively charged components of the solute and vice versa for the negative dipoles. The hydrogen bonds in water are always being formed and broken hence liquid water has a partially ordered structure. The high cohesiveness of water is due to the strong hydrogen bonds and this also results in high surface tension. This is why water remains together as drops when on a non-soluble plane. Additional reasons for why water was the most suitable solvent: i. It was cheap to use water as the solvent ii. When the water was boiled at a temperature below the acetanilide melting point. iii. At room temperature the acetanilide appeared to have low solubility when it was in water. iv. The water was also not toxic or flammable. v. When the acetanilide was heated to boiling in water it seemed to have high solubility. The main points in the procedure where the sample is lost: There are a number of ways in which the sample can be lost throughout the experiment: One of the reasons is whilst carrying out the practical some of our sample was spilt accidently by one of our neighbouring colleagues so our yield was less that what would have been expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample may have been lost during the transfer stages i.e. when the sample was transferred to the conical flask some of the sample may have remained in the weighing boat as it is unlikely you can get a 100% transfer. Further sample could have been lost when it was transferred from the conical flask to the Bà ¼chner funnel when washing the conical flask using distilled water. Furthermore, sample could have been lost by the transfer of sample from the Bà ¼chner funnel to the watch glass. Also when the crystals were transported into the glass plate as part of the sample may have got trapped to the pot and remained in the vacuum. When we used the filter paper to filter the acetanilide crystals some of the residue maybe have remained on the filter paper resulting in less sample.  · Why low boiling point solvent such as diethyl ether (BP: 35à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) or dichloromethane (BP: 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) are general les suitable for recrystallisation than higher boiling point solvents, such as water or ethanol, irrespective of their polarity: One of the technicians had said in the practical that Dichloromethane has an occupation explosive limit (OEL)..!!!. Both diethyl ether and dichloromethane are the best solvents to consider as they are both flammable which is a safety hazard. Dichloromethane (DCM) is not as suitable because it evaporates more readily at room temperature (due to its low boiling point) which does not allow time for the crystals to dissolve. Also the impure compound would not have enough time to dissolve as well as the DCM would evaporate before hand.  · Why the solubility of paracetamol in water is several times higher than that of acetanilide by looking at the structures: Because the paracetamol contains an OH group hence it makes it more polar than acetanilide so it dissolves more readily in water which is also polar. Conclusion: In conclusion, water was found to be the most suitable solvent to dissolve acetanilide out of the four solvents in investigation. The yield of crystals formed is greater with a larger scale of production.

Violent Behavior In Society Essay -- essays research papers

Violent Behavior in Society It gained through violent behavior is only temporary and it lasts until the time of revenge comes around. Violence was glorified hundreds of years ago. Back then it was a form of a pure entertainment. We know how among ancient Romans, gladiators (usually slaves or captives trained for the purpose),fought with swords or other weapons at public "shows". The more harm the gladiators inflicted the bigger hero he was, and the more respect he gained. All the crimes they committed were condoned, accepted and glorified. Today it seems like instead of gladiators we have boxers. Is boxing just a sport, or another way of violent behavior, that is not only accepted by society but also in many ways glorified? Do we glorify boxing (most of the time bloody shows) because it is entertaining, or maybe because it is a multi-milion dollar business? The scenery of boxing is broken bones, black and blue faces, blood...The more severe the fight the more exited and happy the audience seems to be. Violence simply stimulates people. Big glory comes when one passes out! YES...here is the hero! What is the message here? It is, we will like you more since you are physically stronger, and we will respect you because we are afraid of you. That is again, a wrong message. Violence is glorified the most throught media, violent movies, TV shows and newspaper sensationalism. THERE SEEMES TO BE A NEED FOR VIOLNCE IN SOCIETY! Violent movies are born one after another: &...