The United States And The Middle East - 1245 Words

For much of the United States’ history, affairs in the Middle East have been an important focus. A more recent example is President Barack Obama attempting to deal with the terrorist organization, ISIS, because they are threatening the security of American allies. In the past, multiple other presidents have intervened in Middle Eastern affairs because they believe that doing so would be in the best interest of the United States. The importance of Middle Eastern affairs to the United States during the 1960s through the 1980s is apparent with President Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger’s diplomacy tactics to prevent Arab-Israeli war and lift the Arab oil embargo, President Jimmy Carter’s peace negotiations during the Camp David Accords,†¦show more content†¦Edward Sheehan, the author of How Kissinger Did It: Step by Step in the Middle East, explains that â€Å"†¦Kissinger accepted and in fact helped to promote the conventional strategic wisdom of the first Nixon administration that†¦a strong Israel militarily, much superior to its Arab foes, would prevent war and serve as the surest sentinel of American interests in the Middle East† (8-9). The advantage of a strong Israeli military encouraged the United States to consistently support Israel. The Arab countries did not take this favoritism very lightly. An oil embargo was placed on the United States and that would prove to be economically disastrous. Because of the their huge reliance on oil, â€Å"the United States was especially hard-hit by the OPEC embargo, which was directed toward all supporters of Israel in its latest military conflict against neighboring Arab countries† (Hook 340). A major reason why the United States is so invested in some areas of the Middle East is due to their oil production. This encourages the United States to maintain healthy relationships in that region. Henry Kissinger also worked to improve United States’ relationship wi th Egypt through diplomacy. He created a set of rules for the United States to follow when dealing with Arab countries. In fact, â€Å"The policy was based on a quasi-alliance between Washington and Cairo—or more particularly, upon friendship between Kissinger and Egyptian President Anwar el- Sadat.

Taking a Look at Hydro-Fracturing - 996 Words

Introduction Anyone who has followed the news in the past few years has seen or heard something about hydro-fracturing or fracking for short. Even though fracking isnt a new technology, recent innovations and techniques have made this process much more cost effective giving gas and oil companies more incentive to implement it on a greater scale. The increased use of fracking to increase production in the oil and gas industries has brought this technology into the news and made it one of the most fiercely debated topics in recent times. Pro-fracking supporters claim that shale gas and the fracking process will be the savior of our nation and provide foreign energy independence for many years to come. The anti-fracking community raises concerns about the environment that will affect not only this generation but also generations to come. I believe that the hydraulic fracking process used to increase the extraction of natural gas and oil is dangerous to the environment and needs additional rese arch and stiffer regulations. For those who don’t know, fracking is a process that gas and oil companies use in order to increase production for their wells. Similar to traditional drilling techniques, a vertical well is drilled beneath a well pad. Once the desired depth is reached, the drill is repositioned in order to drill horizontally. This horizontal bore varies in length but can extend to distances up to two miles long. At this point, a mixture of water, sand, andShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Crises Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesA major concern of people from all demographics and religions is the environmental crises are taking place in the US and all over the world today. Many aspects our daily lives in the capitalist society we live in are causing grave destruction to our planet. Issues such as global warming, bottling water, and the search for oil and fossil fuels are some of the most known environmental crises taking place in the US. I believe the US could in fact find safe, profitable solutions to many of these problemsRead MoreHydraulic Fracking Essay15746 Words   |  63 PagesHydraulic Fracturing (â€Å"Fracking†) LAS 432 – Technology, Society, and Culture Team B Michael Griffin Mark Hartwick Alena Hutson Kansas Gentry Kevin Gracia Professor Douglas McCoy 8/24/12 Contents Thesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 3 Hydraulic Fracturing Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4 History of Fracking.....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Cultural Context†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦PageRead MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pagesbe very expensive. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the U.S. Government issuing an order to stop any kind of oil drilling in the area. A new entrant should be able to absorb this sudden stoppage in drilling activity, and would need to look for newer avenues for exploring. 7 Undertake sensitive negotiations with governments: Major oil and gas companies have operations globally, and need to be in constant negotiations with the governments of those countries in which they operate in

Machiavelli †The Prince and Totalitarians Free Essays

Another good example of this Marxist theory Is Joseph Stalin. Stalin used his military to rise to power. He killed countless people in order to come into authority and impose his beliefs on the state. We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli – The Prince and Totalitarians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jewish virtual library explains, â€Å"Stalin consolidated his power base with the Great Purges against his political and ideological opponents, most notably the old cadres and the rank and file of the Bolshevik Party. † (Jewish Virtual Library, 1) Throughout the Great Purges Stalin imprisoned tortured and assassinated his enemies through his militaristic force. This Is a very clear display of Machiavellian theories because Machiavelli repeatedly states that military is the root of power and authority and he emphasizes that military should be used in order to rise to power. Another Machiavelli theory that justifies the actions of totalitarian rulers is the theory that it is more efficient to rule with cruelty and fear rather than love and fairness. Each of these totalitarian rulers used this Ideology during their time as which is why people feared and respected him. BBC states, â€Å"Lenin demonstrated a hilling disregard for the sufferings of his fellow countrymen and mercilessly crushed any opposition. † (BBC, 1) This shows that Machiavellian theories did support Linen’s actions because Machiavelli explains that it is better to for a â€Å"prince† to be feared rather than loved because love can come and go but the fear of pain is everlasting. Lenin proves this because he was feared and therefore people obeyed him. Another example of the use of cruelty is the cruel acts of Joseph Stalin. Stalin ruled with an iron fist and struck fear into peoples hearts. This fear is what drove hem to obey Stalin and conform to his will. Jewish Virtual Library states â€Å"It is believed that with the purges, forced famines, state terrorism, labor camps, and forced migrations, Stalin was responsible for the death of as many as 40 million people within the borders of the Soviet Union. † Jewish Virtual Library, 1) This follows Machiavellian theory because Stalin was excessively cruel to millions of people and was respected for a long period of time because of fear. Another theory that these totalitarians embody is the theory that a â€Å"prince† should ease their decisions on the well being of the state. For example: Karl Marx imposed his theory of communist-based Marxism on his state because he thought it was the best thing for the state. The Communist League explains â€Å"Marxist-Leninist accept the concept of social class put forward above, but hold that a person’s social class is determined not by the amount of his wealth, but by the source of his income as determined by his relation to labor and to the means of production. (Marxism and Class, 1) Marx created this intricate system of classes in order to maintain order thin his state. Although it was not successful, Marx created this policy for the well being of the state, so that the state could flourish. This relates to Machiavellian theory because Marx did as Machiavelli advised. He had the well being of the state in mind throughout his time of ruling. Another ruler who fo llowed Machiavellian theory on well being of the state was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin not only followed a Marxist trend in his state, but he also tried to improve his state’s economy. BBC states, â€Å"He introduced the New Economic Policy, here a measure of private enterprise was again permitted, a policy that continued for several years after his death. † (BBC,I) Lenin introduced this policy in order to preserve the economy of his state. It lasted several years after his death, which means he was successful in doing so. Lenin laid out a structure for the state to thrive because he had the well being of the state in mind while making his decisions. This follows Machiavellian theory because Machiavelli said to make every decision based on the well being of the state. Although he was cruel and used militaristic power, he was ultimately trying to better the state in his own way which is exactly what Machiavelli preaches. All in all, Karl Marx, Joseph Stalin, and Vladimir Lenin were embodiments of the theories Machiavelli introduced in â€Å"The Prince†. They ruled and based their states on militaristic power, they ruled their states through cruelty and pain over compassion and love, and kept the well being of the state in mind in every decision they made. Machiavellian theories Justified their actions in that they each very closely followed them. Karl Marx had a strong military and had the well being of the state in mind, throughout his time as ruler, and Vladimir Lenin had a strong military and also made sure to keep the well being of his state in mind. Although the states of these rulers were not very successful and resulted in the deaths of many people, they were supported by the Machiavellian theories. The lesson to be learned is that although their actions were supported by the Machiavellian theories, they caused severe damage and terror to the world and these theories should ultimately not be used in any type of modern government. How to cite Machiavelli – The Prince and Totalitarians, Papers

Healthcare Industry Is a Wide Industry to Manage It’s Different

Question: Who Requirements Is To Apply Information Technology (IT) In Healthcare? Answer: Introduction Healthcare industry is a wide industry and to manage its different activities and multiple records of information regarding employees and patients, Information Technology (IT) can be used. Today, various hospitals or healthcare institutions are already switched to IT and getting various benefits. IT has automated the various healthcare related functionalities and it leads to time and cost savings. There are various other positive impacts of Information Technology on Healthcare industry that we will discuss further in report and besides this, we will also focus on some essential points regarding IT impact on this business (Asian Healthcare Management System, 2017). Discussion It is an important segment of this report to discuss key points that why IT is important for business survival, how business uses IT, benefits and advantages of IT for selected business etc. Does Healthcare Business needs IT? IT in Healthcare is also known as Health IT and basic need of Information Technology in Healthcare includes designing, developing, creation, maintenance and use of information systems in this industry (SearchHealthIT, 2017). Besides this, to improve quality of healthcare, Information Technology is also used in large countries like USA. To fulfill another needs of healthcare industry such as improvement in medical care, lower costs, error reduction, and enhancement in efficiency and to improve customer satisfaction, implementation of information technology is required and in some hospitals automated and interoperable healthcare Information systems are already used to fulfill these needs of healthcare industry (Ahrq.gov, 2017). To provide medical education, Information Technology is also considered useful. With the implementation of IT in Healthcare and Medical Science, a significant change is found that most of medical students are computer literate these days and to explore themselve s in their education, they can use internet via computers, mobile, laptops and another devices. Therefore, to assist medical or healthcare education, there is need of Information Technology. To achieve goal of online teaching classes for medical or healthcare students, IT is the best option. Besides this, the need of rapid communication and information sharing to remote locations can be fulfilled with the help Information Technology by using emails, messages and online calling. To get latest information about healthcare industry from around the world, there is need of Information Technology. These are some essential reasons that show the need of Information Technology in Healthcare Industry. Importance of IT for Business Survival? For healthcare business survival, Health IT is important because due to this healthcare providers can manage patient care by using and sharing health information. Instead of using less securing manual records, private and secure electronic health records can be used to share health information where and when needed. Besides this, Information Technology in Healthcare can improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of healthcare. Besides this, with the help of Information Technology, Healthcare providers can get following benefits (Ortiz and Clancy, 2017): Health IT can provide accurate and complete information about health of a patients. By getting this information, providers can give the best possible care to patients in their routine visit and as well as in a medical emergency. Information Technology provides help to coordinate with care givers about a critical case, those are available at remote locations. In emergency cases, this type of help is necessary. IT is also a secure way to share information with patients and their family members over the internet. With this, patients and their caregivers can get updates about patients problem and treatment for that problem and also can take part in decision making about healthcare of patient. Information Technology has various advanced techniques that can be used in healthcare industry to diagnose health problems quickly with very less chances of errors and at lower costs (B, 2017). Requirements to apply Information Technology (IT) in Healthcare After knowing about importance of Information Technology in Healthcare, it is cleared that Health IT should be implemented in healthcare organizations. But before start implementation of Information Technology in Healthcare, it is necessary to know about its requirements (Healthit.ahrq.gov, 2017). The requirements to apply IT in healthcare includes Cost, Planning, Designing, Hardware/Software Components, Installation and Training (Buntin et al., 2017). Cost: The cost of implementing IT applications in Healthcare is less costly than conventional technologies that were used for executing various healthcare operations and functions. According to analysis, the estimated budget to apply IT in healthcare can be $80000 and more. It depends upon size of hospital and their capacity to invest money in IT. Planning: The planning is also an essential step to take before start execution of IT in healthcare. In this planning process, analysis about tools and technologies that are required to implement in healthcare organization or hospital should be done such as Healthcare Information System. Besides this, requirements of hardware and software components, their cost and vendors of Healthcare Information System should also be planned appropriately in this planning process. This will help to make decision to management of healthcare organization that IT implementation is feasible for them or not. Designing: After knowing about IT systems or techniques and their components that we would like to use in healthcare organization, next step is to know about designing of system. It is responsibility of developers to design whole structure of Health Information System according to organizations operations and requirements, so that all employees can work properly with that system in quick way and can manage sensitive healthcare information of patients properly in a secure way. Hardware and Software Components: To execute any information system it is necessary that all its hardware and software components should work properly. Therefore to implement Health Information System in Healthcare organization its hardware equipments such as computer system. CPU, hard disk, chips, ports etc. and software components such as memory, operating system, network configuration software and another third party software solutions should be configured properly. It is necessary for appropriate working of health information system to get accurate outcomes from this. Installation and Training: It is also an essential requirement for applying IT to Healthcare. An appropriate installation of every component of health information system is possible through an IT expert. An expert has thorough knowledge about system configuration and about its security and privacy maintenance. Besides this, employees of healthcare organization should have knowledge to operate this system or any other technology of Health IT that will be implemented in healthcare organization. To achieve this, proper training of employees in this field is required by IT professionals. How IT is used in Healthcare? The use of IT in Healthcare can be assessed on internally and externally. Internally IT is used by employees of healthcare organization to access and store information of patients, their problems and treatment (Krueger, 2017). Besides this, due and received payment of patients are also stored in health information system and further used at time of discharge of patients. The information about employees of healthcare organization is also stored in health information system that is used periodically by management, stakeholders and other members of hospital (Aims Education, 2017). On other side, externally Health IT is used by customers and suppliers in a way that customers can online access health information system to check their patients records, status of treatment and billing information by using authorized access (Chcf.org, 2017). Suppliers can also login into health information system to know about new requirements of healthcare organization regarding material such as medicines, vaccinations etc. Healthcare organizations can send their requirements online to suppliers by using emails or by messages on information systems. In this way, IT can be used both internal and external ways in healthcare. Advantages or Benefits of IT to Healthcare In above segments of report, we have already discussed uses, requirements and importance of IT to healthcare. From that discussion it is cleared that implementation of Health IT will be beneficial for healthcare organizations. Following are some essential benefits or advantages of IT in healthcare (Seriousgamesforhealth.com, 2017): Information Technology has introduced wearable devices in healthcare sector and it has improved efficiency of healthcare sector. The quality in patients assistance has also increased due to IT. Besides this, the safety of patients has increased by directly accessing medical case story and by checking treatments online (Layden, 2017). IT services are inexpensive, so these are cutting down the medical spending of hospitals where these used and provided to patients. The implementation of ICT services in healthcare introduces new ways to carry out medicine and to develop health care. The usage of electronic health records provides quick and accurate information to users of health information systems and this information can be used for decision making at level of management. For increasing revenue of healthcare organizations and to reduce cost of sharing information manually at remote locations, ICT is also considered effective. Risks of Implementing IT in Healthcare In every field where Information Technology and its applications are used, there common risk factors of IT are security, privacy, confidentiality and availability of data. The main security and privacy risks of data by using IT systems are hacking, phishing, DDoS and virus attacks that re implemented by hackers to access data from systems database in unauthorized way. The confidentiality risk of IT is that sensitivity of data is maintained by IT applications or not. Besides this, risk of availability of data is related to authorize access of data to users. It means, some important people in healthcare organizations should have right to access information from information system when it is needed. If access will be opened for all then security and confidentiality will be lost (Unc.edu, 2017). Maintenance and Monitoring of IT in Healthcare The effective ways to maintain and monitor IT in healthcare is to apply security tools on IT applications that are used in hospital or healthcare organization. The main security tools that can be used are installation of anti-virus into system to get prevention from virus, use of firewall, use of cryptography techniques such as encryption and scanning software solutions to scan whole system at regular basis (CCHIT, 2017). Conclusion From above discussion, importance of IT is cleared in Healthcare Industry. With implementation of IT, various time consuming activities such as storage, accessing and sharing of huge amount of data can be easily and within less time and less cost. The use of Information Technology in business is an effective way to perform every task in appropriate way. References Asian Healthcare Management System. (2017). Role of Information Technology in Medical Science. [online] Available at: https://www.asianhhm.com/articles/role-information-technology-medical-sciences [Accessed 3 May 2017]. SearchHealthIT. (2017). What is Health IT (health information technology)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/Health-IT-information-technology [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Ahrq.gov. (2017). Health Information Technology Integration | Agency for Healthcare Research Quality. [online] Available at: https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/improve/health-it/index.html [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Ortiz, E. and Clancy, C. (2017). Use of Information Technology to Improve the Quality of Health Care in the United States. B, G. (2017). Information technology and today's health care management. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10122865 [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Healthit.ahrq.gov. (2017). Health IT Costs and Benefits Database | AHRQ National Resource Center; Health Information Technology: Best Practices Transforming Quality, Safety, and Efficiency. [online] Available at: https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database [Accessed 3 May 2017]. AIMS EDUCATION. (2017). What Are the Real Benefits of Technology in Healthcare?. [online] Available at: https://www.aimseducation.edu/blog/benefits-of-technology-in-healthcare/ [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Seriousgamesforhealth.com. (2017). The Main Benefits of Using ICT in the Health Care Field | Serious Games For Health. [online] Available at: https://www.seriousgamesforhealth.com/en/the-main-benefits-of-using-ict-in-the-health-care-field/#undefined [Accessed 3 May 2017]. CCHIT. (2017). Benefits of Healthcare Information Technology | CCHIT. [online] Available at: https://www.cchit.org/benefits-of-healthcare-information-technology/ [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Krueger, A. (2017). 6 Ways Technology Is Improving Healthcare. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/6-ways-technology-is-improving-healthcare-2010-12?IR=T [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Buntin, M., Burke, M., Hoaglin, M. and Blumenthal, D. (2017). The Benefits Of Health Information Technology: A Review Of The Recent Literature Shows Predominantly Positive Results. Chcf.org. (2017). Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Health Care Information Technology: Six Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://www.chcf.org/publications/2004/09/measuring-the-costs-and-benefits-of-health-care-information-technology-six-case-studies [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Layden, L., Layden, L. and profile, V. (2017). Health Information Technology Advantages and Disadvantages. [online] Lindseylayden.blogspot.in. Available at: https://lindseylayden.blogspot.in/2011/03/health-information-technology.html [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Unc.edu. (2017). Benefits of Computer Use in Health Care Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.unc.edu/~kmonsalv/comp101/project1/ [Accessed 3 May 2017].

Tobacco Advertising Essays (761 words) - Tobacco, Smoking

Tobacco Advertising Tobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturers may deny it, but advertising and promotion play a vital part in making these facts a reality (Roberts). The kings of these media ploys are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses a fictional western character called The Marlboro Man, while Camel uses Joe Camel, a high-rolling, swinging cartoon character. Joe Camel, the "smooth character" from R.J. Reynolds, who is shown as a dromedary with complete style has been attacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on the children of America. Dr. Lonnie Bristow, AMA (American Medical Association) spokesman, remarks that "to kids, cute cartoon characters mean that the product is harmless, but cigarettes are not harmless. They have to know that their ads are influencing the youth under 18 to begin smoking"(Breo). Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize Joe Camel as know Mickey Mouse (Breo). That is very shocking information for any parent to hear. The industry denies that these symbols target people under 21 and claim that their advertising goal is simply to promote brand switching and loyalty. Many people disagree with this statement such as Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin who states " If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companies will be in trouble and they know it "(Roberts). So what do the tobacco companies do to keep their industry alive and well? Seemingly, they go toward a market that is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of. U.S. News recently featured a discussion of the smoking issue with 20 teenagers from suburban Baltimore. The group consisted of ten boys and ten girls between the ages of 15 and 17. When asked why they started smoking, they gave two contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of a peer group. They also wanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. " When you party, 75 to 90 percent of the kids are smoking. It makes you feel like you belong," says Devon Harris, a senior at Woodlawn High. Teens also think of smoking as a sign of independence. The more authority figures tell them not to smoke, the more likely they are to pick up the habit (Roberts). The surprising thing is that these kids know that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising. If these kids know that this advertising is manipulating them, why do they still keep smoking? The ads are everywhere, especially in teen-oriented magazines, such as Rolling Stone and Spin. The ads also fuel some of the reasons the children gave for starting. They represent rebellion, independence, acceptance and happiness. These are all the things a young person, between childhood and adolescence, needs and desires. This type of advertising, on top of peer pressure, is the mystery behind the rise in adolescent smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three things that the experts recommend. Try to convince your children that smoking is not cool. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to stop (Thomas). Children are the most valuable commodity we are given in life. Let's try to educate them while they're young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body. Works Cited "Bill Clinton vs. Joe Camel." U.S. News & World Report. 2 Sep. 1996: 12. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. "Selling Tobacco to Kids." America. 17 Feb. 1996: 3. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Roberts, Steven. " Teens on tobacco; kids smoke for reasons all their own." U.S. News & World Report. 18 Apr. 1996: 38. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Thomas, Roger E. "10 steps to keep the children in your

Pollution Prevention essays

Pollution Prevention essays Substantial improvements in environmental quality have been achieved in the last 20 years. The vehicle maintenance unit, to which I am assigned, generates thousands of pounds of hazardous and nonhazardous waste annually. As an environmental coordinator, I am responsible for the proper handling and disposal of waste from the generation point to final disposal. In addition to the task of minimizing waste levels within the unit, the expenditure of funds for hazardous material is also my responsibility. Upon initial appointment as the unit environmental coordinator, the waste levels throughout my organization were at an all time high. This posed a great dilemma that had not been addressed for many years. My first task was to cut back waste levels and conserve capital. An initial proposal to establish a Pollution Prevention program, also known as P2, was considered to foster an environmental mindset for day-to-day activities. Pollution prevention involves looking at what causes waste and pollution in a particular situation and figuring out the best ways to lessen waste or prevent it all together. In order to be successful, I had to obtain a commitment from my senior leadership to provide resources to carry out the implementation of P2 program. I began defining the scope of the P2 plan and determining the areas upon which to focus. Beginning with a review of current processes and procedures, I was able to identifying any inefficiencies and shortfalls. The findings afforded a basis for establishing objectives and feature P2 targets. I asked myself what I was trying to accomplish with the P2 plan. Was it reducing specific substance usage, upgrading maintenance processes, or improving entire facilities. Consulting with base environmental engineers and researching the Internet, I came up with some great ideas and established objectives and targets worthy of pursuit. Clarifying my obj ...

Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) Essay

Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) - Essay Example Cardiovascular Fitness (Designing an Experiment) Cardiovascular diseases have been associated to the increasing cases of obesity among children and adolescent as they approach adulthood (Olshanky and others 2005) cited in. However, little attention has been focused towards establishing the effect of excessive body fat and its negative impact on cardiac fitness (Rowland, 2007). Due to excessive fats there are high risks of coronary artery conditions such as renal-vascular diseases, hypertension and stroke coupled to other non-circulatory disorders. Body fatness and aerobic fitness are intertwined and have been reported as potential risk factors towards the health outcome of an individual (Goran and others 2000). Among the two factors, aerobic fitness has been reported as the primary factor determining future outcome of diseases (Goran and others 2000). However, it is important to understand the relationship between aerobic fitness and fatness towards establishing their role in causation of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular risk has also been linked to weight and dissociated from the widely accepted norm that being fat and fit is acceptable in cardiac health. Excess weight in most cases may be associated with high levels of cholesterol and alteration in the cardiac function. 1.Ha: Excess weight affect cardiovascular fitness by increasing the pulse rate and recovery time. 2.Ho: Excess weight will not affect cardiovascular fitness The experiment involved two subjects who were selected from among the group. The inclusion criteria dwelt on involving subjects who had respiratory and/or circulatory conditions. Exercise which was part of the experiment may be significantly compromised in these individuals. Pulse rate for treatment I (with weight) and for treatment II (without weight) were taken before the start of the experimental exercise and entered in a table. The experimental exercise involved making the subject step up and down for three minutes at constant rate of 24-30 steps per minute on a low platform. Immediately the 3 minutes were over, the pulse rates were recorded again and entered into a table as raw data for further analysis. The pulse rates were taken from the radial artery. This was done by making a tally of the number of beats in 30 seconds and multiplying this value by two. Subsequent measurements were taken at intervals of 1 minute for another three times. 3. Result text The pulse rate before th e exercise was slow but it was elevated following the 3 minutes exercise in the two treatments. However, the mean pulse rate in treatment two was higher than in treatment one (see table 1). The trend in pulse rate indicates that individuals with excess weight will have high pulse rate and longer recovery time after exercise (see figure 1 and figure 2). Mean recovery time was higher in treatment II at 3.25 minutes as compared to treatment I with 2.50 minutes. Overall standard error from the mean (SEM) was observed to at the highest from pulse measurements taken after the exercise. This value was higher in treatment I than in treatment II. Overall all treatment I recorded elevated means in the measurements of pulse rate before and after the exercise than treatment II without weight. This trend was also replicated in the recovery time with

JULIAN OF NORWICH & MICHAEL HARNER Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JULIAN OF NORWICH & MICHAEL HARNER - Assignment Example So while Julian talks about Christ being â€Å"the foundation, he is the substance, he is the teacher, he is the end†, Harner talks about the matter of fact aspects of the tsentsak and non-drug forms of shamanism in ordinary, factual language (Harner 57-68; Julian of Norwich 43). Both sources narrate forms of spiritual quests, and a common element in both is a sense that both are honest and sincere in their quests and in the way they tried to make sense of their experiences and visions. This is important because both are narrating extremely subjective experiences whose validity cannot be experienced or confirmed by an external party, but only felt as genuine and believable from an intuitive point of view. The integrity of the narrators can make or break the narratives. One gets a sense of the integrity of Harner’s narratives especially with regard to the subjective experience of ayahuasca, confirmed by a blind shaman for instance. For Julian, her reputation and the internal consistency of her message attest to the sincerity and the genuineness of her narratives and religious insights (Harner; Julian of Norwich). Julian contextualizes her sufferings in the context of Christ’s own suffering and death, couched in language tied to compassion and love. She learns from a desire to suffer the bodily pains and sufferings of Christ also of the internal reality of the compassion that exists in men as a spark too of the divine in men, of the Christ in men. Her key insights are with regard to the love of God shown through the Christ’s own passion, so that she and all who love God and desire to follow the will of God may experience that love as well (Julian of Norwich). The sacred drink ingested by Harner is ayahuasca. When he ingested this he had visions of another dimension, including that of a creature that is reptile-like, who reveals to him an inner reality tied to the nature of man’s past, of the way man had evolved

Calculate the bounce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calculate the bounce - Essay Example There are 49 employees, with a total monthly payroll output of  £101,400. Each employee, on average, earns  £2069 monthly or  £24,828 yearly. However, bonus amount should be based on profit figures. Employees are used to receiving  £70,000 in commissions, therefore bonus should be more equal to this figure in which they have become accustomed in order to improve motivation and performance incentives. Analysis methodology should consider current objectives, such as whether the business is looking to invest or, perhaps, expand the company which will require additional expenditures. Questions should be asked such as whether owners’ equity, for the investor stakeholder, should be considered prior to paying a bonus. There is one important factor to consider: In 2008, the company agreed to  £16.5 million in goods in exchange for 50 percent of the company, giving the business these goods for a period of one year. This agreement raised inventory assets in the company, which only improves its position for growth or perhaps access to new credit. The current global accounting standards would identify these goods or perhaps depreciate their value over time, however its rising liquidity from the goods exchange makes the company stronger at the accounting level. Therefore, bonus should not be reduced as current profit levels remain unchanged even with the new 50/50 ownership. The goods received are still part of the company’s inventory. Profit in 2009 was  £7.72 million. There was no cash balance from 2008 to consider as profit was used to expand sales for 2009. With this in mind, if the company divided the entire profit among the 49 employees, it would be calculated as: However, this is far outside of industry norms and equates to more than the employees are used to receiving with their sales commission and would not add to the business’ cash balance, which is strategically

Recrystallising acetanilide

Recrystallising acetanilide The aim of this experiment is to establish the most suitable solvent required for recrystallising acetanilide, and to exhibit the methods of vacuum filtration and recrystallisation. Experimental Method (for selection of a suitable solvent): Four solvents: dichloromethane, methylated sprits, petroleum ether and water were tested to see how appropriate they were for recrystallising acetanilide. Impure acetanilide (0.1g) was inserted into a small test tube and whilst continually shaking the test the solvent was added drop by drop. After 1cm3 of the solvent was added!!!!? the mixture was then heated till it was boiling using the water for the organic solvents bath in the fume cupboard once approximately 1mL of solvent had been added. As the acetanilide was dissolved the test tube was cooled to see whether recrystallisation occurred. The same method was repeated out for all four solvents. Experimental Method (for recrystallisation of acetanilide): Impure Acetanilide (4g) was weighed out using a rough balance into a conical flask (250mL). A suitable amount of the solvent from the previous method [water (1mL)] was used to wet the crystals. The mixture was then boiled gently, and more solvent was added until all the sold had dissolved. Using the filter paper obtained from the pre-heated funnel the boiling solution was filtered. This was done into a pre-heated container so that rapid cooling as avoided. The flask containing the hot solvent was covered and allowed to cool slowly. When a noticeable amount of solid had formed and the solution had cooled considerably, the solution was placed in an ice-bath to speed up the process. The filter paper was wet with the solvent then using vacuum filtration the crystals were separated from the rest of the solution. Using cold solvent (5mL approximately) the crystals were washed. The crystals were kept on the Bà ¼chner funnel until they were almost dry. The damp material was transferred to a labelled watch glass and then this was positioned into a vacuum oven of a set temperature lower than the melting of the pure solid. The dry purified product was weighed and packaged into a labelled plastic bag. Why I chose water for the larger scale recrystallisation: This is because when cooling, water out of the four solvents dissolved completely and the most crystals were formed. Also water is the most suitable solvent because it has the best polarity. The covalent bonding between an oxygen atom and two atoms of hydrogen form a water molecule. Atoms share electrons between these covalent bonds. The sharing of these electrons is not equal in water as the hydrogen atoms have a weaker attraction to the electrons than the oxygen atoms. Hence the distribution of charge in water is asymmetrical. Molecules are known as polar when they have ends with positive and partially negative charges. The reason for why water is able to dissolve a number is substances, is due to this polarity that enables water to separate polar solute molecules. Waters polarity makes gives it the property of being a good solvent. Water molecules surround polar or ionic compounds that enter water. One molecule of solute can be surrounded by many water molecules as the size of water is relatively small. The positive dipoles are attracted to negatively charged components of the solute and vice versa for the negative dipoles. The hydrogen bonds in water are always being formed and broken hence liquid water has a partially ordered structure. The high cohesiveness of water is due to the strong hydrogen bonds and this also results in high surface tension. This is why water remains together as drops when on a non-soluble plane. Additional reasons for why water was the most suitable solvent: i. It was cheap to use water as the solvent ii. When the water was boiled at a temperature below the acetanilide melting point. iii. At room temperature the acetanilide appeared to have low solubility when it was in water. iv. The water was also not toxic or flammable. v. When the acetanilide was heated to boiling in water it seemed to have high solubility. The main points in the procedure where the sample is lost: There are a number of ways in which the sample can be lost throughout the experiment: One of the reasons is whilst carrying out the practical some of our sample was spilt accidently by one of our neighbouring colleagues so our yield was less that what would have been expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample may have been lost during the transfer stages i.e. when the sample was transferred to the conical flask some of the sample may have remained in the weighing boat as it is unlikely you can get a 100% transfer. Further sample could have been lost when it was transferred from the conical flask to the Bà ¼chner funnel when washing the conical flask using distilled water. Furthermore, sample could have been lost by the transfer of sample from the Bà ¼chner funnel to the watch glass. Also when the crystals were transported into the glass plate as part of the sample may have got trapped to the pot and remained in the vacuum. When we used the filter paper to filter the acetanilide crystals some of the residue maybe have remained on the filter paper resulting in less sample.  · Why low boiling point solvent such as diethyl ether (BP: 35à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) or dichloromethane (BP: 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) are general les suitable for recrystallisation than higher boiling point solvents, such as water or ethanol, irrespective of their polarity: One of the technicians had said in the practical that Dichloromethane has an occupation explosive limit (OEL)..!!!. Both diethyl ether and dichloromethane are the best solvents to consider as they are both flammable which is a safety hazard. Dichloromethane (DCM) is not as suitable because it evaporates more readily at room temperature (due to its low boiling point) which does not allow time for the crystals to dissolve. Also the impure compound would not have enough time to dissolve as well as the DCM would evaporate before hand.  · Why the solubility of paracetamol in water is several times higher than that of acetanilide by looking at the structures: Because the paracetamol contains an OH group hence it makes it more polar than acetanilide so it dissolves more readily in water which is also polar. Conclusion: In conclusion, water was found to be the most suitable solvent to dissolve acetanilide out of the four solvents in investigation. The yield of crystals formed is greater with a larger scale of production.

Violent Behavior In Society Essay -- essays research papers

Violent Behavior in Society It gained through violent behavior is only temporary and it lasts until the time of revenge comes around. Violence was glorified hundreds of years ago. Back then it was a form of a pure entertainment. We know how among ancient Romans, gladiators (usually slaves or captives trained for the purpose),fought with swords or other weapons at public "shows". The more harm the gladiators inflicted the bigger hero he was, and the more respect he gained. All the crimes they committed were condoned, accepted and glorified. Today it seems like instead of gladiators we have boxers. Is boxing just a sport, or another way of violent behavior, that is not only accepted by society but also in many ways glorified? Do we glorify boxing (most of the time bloody shows) because it is entertaining, or maybe because it is a multi-milion dollar business? The scenery of boxing is broken bones, black and blue faces, blood...The more severe the fight the more exited and happy the audience seems to be. Violence simply stimulates people. Big glory comes when one passes out! YES...here is the hero! What is the message here? It is, we will like you more since you are physically stronger, and we will respect you because we are afraid of you. That is again, a wrong message. Violence is glorified the most throught media, violent movies, TV shows and newspaper sensationalism. THERE SEEMES TO BE A NEED FOR VIOLNCE IN SOCIETY! Violent movies are born one after another: &...